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Bitter Friends, Bosom Enemies – Iran, the U.S., and the Twisted Path to Confrontation
by Jim Miles
If I had to provide an overall rating for Barbara Slavin’s “Bitter Friends, Bosom Enemies” I would have to tell the reader that it is well worth reading, but with several qualifications that make the recommendation somewhat underwhelming.
It is an uneasy read, something I could not quite put into thought until two phrases summed it up.
Bitter Friends, Bosom Enemies –
Iran, the U.S., and the
Twisted Path to Confrontation
Barbara Slavin
St. Martin’s Press, New
York. 2007
First the phrase “accurate yet superficial” came to mind, as what
Slavin says is true, but does not carry a broader or deeper perspective
that other works do. Most of what is reported here, other than some of
her personal interviews, is very much newspaper level journalism, a
phrase I use pejoratively indicating a narrow perspective that is
available from reading or listening to most U.S. media rather than
other media and more academic research.
There is also a very important
misrepresentation of information early in the work that helped set up
the uneasiness of the read. I’ll return to that in a moment.
The
second phrase that describes this work is “out of context”. As the
title implies a duality and equality of some kind, and as the jacket
cover states “Slavin portrays the complex love-hate relationship
between Iran and the United States,” there is actually very little of
that duality or of the exploration of the relationship. The three last
shorter chapters of the book finally do discuss the relationship,
accurately, yet superficially. Before that, the text is almost
completely about Iran.
Further to it being out of
context, there are a few major omissions. Israel’s role in the
situation would make the title be more appropriately “ménage a trois”
rather than the duality of “bosom buddies.” Yet Israel is mentioned in
passing very superficially and without any mention of the double
standards of the U.S. perspective between Israel and Iran vis a vis
terror, the Iraqi war, and nuclear weapons, among a few topics that
could be explored. Another major omission, related to Israel, is the
roll of the American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), its
influence within the American regime, and the effect it has had on
decisions and governance in general within Congress. AIPAC is only
mentioned once in passing in the text and does not rank enough
importance to make the index. A bit more emphasis is given to Dick
Cheney and the neocons, but again mainly in passing comments and
without any real examination of their powers and influence within the
American government. A real comparison of Iran and the U.S. should
include these elements more critically exposed as well as a comparison
of government structures and their abuse within the U.S.
Finally,
while Russia, Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the
Kurds, the Taliban, and all the other players in the Middle East are at
least mentioned, there is no depth to the analysis, mostly a lot of
information that could be gleaned from American media with only a small
assist from outside media. As I indicated above, these are omissions,
major omissions given the pretext, but what is included appears to be
accurate and truthful.
There is however the
misrepresentation of information that helped create my overall sense of
unease with the text. In her second chapter “Iran and the Bomb” Slavin
provides the information about Iran having “mastered centrifuge
technology” in 2006 and is thus “able to enrich a small amount of
uranium”. She then continues, and it is worth a full textual quote:
- “A
year later, Iran had installed more than 1,300 centrifuges at Natanz
and produced more than 175 tons of uranium hexafluoride, the gaseous
form of uranium that is fed into centrifuges for enrichment. That’s
enough for more than 20 weapons….According to former U.S. intelligence
director John Negroponte, the Iranians “seem to be determined…to
develop nuclear weapons.”
The uranium data is referenced to David Albright, March 27, 2007 and the Negroponte quote is referenced to a BBC broadcast.
This
implies quite directly that Iran is capable of producing 20 nuclear
weapons. This seemed highly improbable from other materials available,
leading to a reference search on David Albright. A different story
appears.
Speaking with prepared testimony, David
Albright, President of the Institute for Science and International
Security (ISIS), before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs,
Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade, Subcommittee on
the Middle East and Asia, on March 15, 2007[1], presented a much weaker
position for Iran, with much more nuance:
- “Once the
module is fully operational, Iran would need approximately 6-12 months
to produce enough highly enriched uranium for its first nuclear weapon.
The shorter time period assumes that the cascades operate near their
theoretical peak performance.”
3000 refuges working
full out and properly could produce enough enriched uranium for one or
two weapons per year. “This benchmark could be reached within a year or
two.”
- “As of late February, no uranium hexafluoride had been introduced into either of the two cascades under vacuum.”
Albright
emphasizes the “if” – if it is fully operational, if it is working full
out, if it is working properly, and then provides some context to
indicate that the Iranian facilities, while they might have 3000
refuges, there is a good chance they are not operating optimally and
will not be able to for some time. As for Negroponte’s view – remember
this is one of the Nixonites who assisted in the murder of thousands of
Hondurans for fear of America being attacked by hordes of communist
sympathizers – the IAEA says that "the Agency has been able to verify
the non-diversion of declared nuclear material in Iran. Iran has
provided the Agency with access to declared nuclear material, and has
provided the required nuclear accountancy reports in connection with
declared nuclear material and activities."[2] There is no reference
provided for the twenty weapons that could be made from this amount of
processed uranium.
Is it worth all this effort for a
matter of half a paragraph from the whole work? Considering that the
current push towards “World War III” is all about nuclear weapons and
less and less about “terror”, yes, it is very significant as it sets
the tone for the whole book. While Slavin does not actually lie, she
does by juxtaposition make Iran seem like a very well armed and potent
adversary of a nuclear kind. The Israelis have been warning the west
about this potential every year for the past decade or more, always
with Iran a year or two away from making the bomb (of course, ignoring
their own intransigence and recalcitrance in relation to their own
nuclear weapons and the protection of their U.S. cohorts in arms).
My
final overall criticism (there are other little ones along the way –
concept of terror, use of language, misquoting Ahmadinejad) is more of
a warning. The reader needs to be aware that any work that quotes
Negroponte as an authority and whose text is considerably referenced to
the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and its members is
looking at the story from the American far right. The Institute for
Near East Policy carries much weight for right wing rhetoric, including
George P. Schultz, Richard Perle, James Woolsey, Paul Wolfowitz, and
Alexander Haig as members of the Board of Advisors.
Other reference
searches turned up other equally right wing friendly sources from other
areas, many from Washington based ‘think-tanks’, also including among
them a Canadian, Jamie Glazov, a rather rabid born again convert from
the Soviet Union who sees the world primarily in black and white, good
and evil.
Read the book, but keep the above caveats in
mind. While sympathetic to the Iranian people in general, and while
Slavin does provide some information indicating some U.S. reluctance to
negotiate rather than bomb, there is the underlying bias that Iran in a
political sense is mainly at fault for the way things are. A broader
perspective is needed, one that this work does not provide. [3]
notes
[1]
David Albright - Iran’s Nuclear Program: Status and Uncertainties.
Prepared testimony by David Albright, President, Institute for Science
and International Security (ISIS), Before the House Committee on
Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and
Trade, Subcommittee on the Middle East and Asia, March 15, 2007.
www.isis-online.org/publications/iran/
AlbrightTestimony15March2007.pdf
Slavin’s
interview took place on March 27, 2007, indicating perhaps that she
heard only what she wanted to hear from the interview rather than what
was said.
[2 Farhi, Farideh. “Politics of Reporting on IAEA Reports,” November 18, 2007. Znet.
www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?
SectionID=67&ItemID=14321
[3]
For two broader, deeper, more contextual writings, see “Target Iran” by
Scott Ritter (Nation Books, N.Y., 2006) and “Treacherous Alliance” by
Trita Parsi (Yale University Press, New Haven, 2007).
Jim
Miles is a Canadian educator and a regular contributor/columnist of
opinion pieces and book reviews to Palestine Chronicles. His interest
in this topic stems originally from an environmental perspective, which
encompasses the militarization and economic subjugation of the global
community and its commodification by corporate governance and by the
American government. Miles’ work is also presented globally through
other alternative websites and news publications.
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